Week # 9

Anatomy Unit: Bones

Memorize the where the following bones are: 

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1. Clavicle 

2. Sternum

3. Vertebral Column

4. Carpals

5. Metacarpals

6. Phalanges

7. Femur

8. Patella

9. Fibula

10. Tarsals Metatarsals

11. Scapula

12. Humerus

13. Ribs

14. Radius (on the thumb side)

15. Ulna

16. Tibia

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Bone Development: 

Bones are living structures which develop and change throughout your life. 

Ossification: the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone in developing children. 

Cartilage: a tough supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone. 

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Bone structures: 

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Red Bone Marrow: Production of red blood cells

Yellow Bone Marrow: Stores Fat

Marrow: fills the pace (the bone cavity) of the bone. 

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Bones are vascular (they have blood flow): At the center of the target of the compact bone is a vein and artery (veins and arteries always come in pairs)

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Spongy Bone: Located at the ends of each bone and look like spider webs. This allows for vascular intervention (blood flow) and helps our skeleton to be lighter.  

Compact Bone: Located along the sides of the bone and enhance its vertical strength for supporting weight. 

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Types of Joints:

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1. Pivot Joint: a pivot joint connects your head to the first vertebra in your vertebral column. It allows you to turn your head from side to side. (NOTE: This does NOT make the head move forward and backwards)

2. Gliding Joint allow for movement in many directions as the bones slide along each other (basically flat bone on flat bone). An example are your wrists and ankles.

3. Hinge Joints allow bending and straightening movements. Examples are your elbow, your knee and your fingers.

4. Ball and Socket Joint allows movement in all directions. Examples include your shoulder and your hip. 

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Ways to Keep Bones Healthy:

1. Eat Healthy: An adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus will hep your bones grow.

Osteoporosis: is a condition when bones become weak and break easily.  

2. Exercise: performing weight bearing exercise can help to strengthen bones. Consider if the muscles pull on bones they will strengthen them locally or if your bones have to carry more weight they will grow in strength to accommodate it.

3.Avoiding Bone Injuries 1) a bone FRACTURE = a break in the bone

4.Avoiding Joint Injuries 1)Sprains = an overstretched or torn ligament 2)Dislocation= when the ends of the bone are forced from their normal position 3) Torn Cartilage= damage to the cartilage between the bones 4) Overuse Injuries = occur when an activity is performed too often or too strenuously, joints may become irritated or inflamed. 

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Scoliosis: an abnormal curvature of the spine. 

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See Pages 266-271 in Pearson Health for more details. 

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